Breakthrough ·

Voyager 1 is about to become the first spacecraft a full light-day from Earth

NASA expects Voyager 1 to reach one light-day from Earth on 18 November, about 25.89 billion kilometres away. Engineers recently cut its power use and recovered contact after a two-day pause in October.

Voyager 2, Voyager 1's twin, during testing before launch
Voyager 2, Voyager 1's twin, during testing before launch

Image via Wikimedia Commons, resized for the web: NASA/JPL (Public domain).

NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory says Voyager 1 should be 25.89 billion kilometres (16.09 billion miles) from Earth on 18 November, the distance light travels in one day. A radio command will then take 24 hours to arrive and the reply another 24 to come back.

The spacecraft launched in 1977. In early September, engineers turned off three devices and replaced them with lower-power ones, a step they nicknamed the Big Bang. Without it, another science instrument would have had to be switched off by summer 2027. Two have already been turned off in recent years.

On 18 and 19 October, two attempts to hear from Voyager 1 found no signal. It returned on 20 October. One set of thrusters had gone offline and the backups had switched on by themselves, leaving the spacecraft stable. The cause is still being investigated.

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Why it matters: Voyager still returns data from interstellar space almost 50 years after launch. Keeping it running is a live engineering problem, the kind that space science graduate programmes train people for.

Source: NASA JPL: NASA's Voyager 1 Conserves Power, Resolves Brief Communications Pause

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